Vaccine Safety Studies and References

This page includes links to trusted sources that compile vaccine safety research as well as citations for studies on key vaccine safety topics.

Jump to:

• General Safety
• Allergies and Vaccines
• Autism Not Linked to Vaccines
• Breastfeeding, Pregnancy, and Vaccines
• COVID-19 Vaccines
• HPV Vaccine
• Ingredients in Vaccines
• Multiple Vaccines and Your Child’s Immune System
• Vaccine Schedule (Spreading Out a Baby’s Immunizations)

General Safety

• Vaccine Information and Safety Studies | Vaccine Safety | CDC
• Vaccine Safety Publications by Year. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Vaccines & Immunizations: Possible Side Effects from Vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Vaccine Fears Overturned by Facts (booklet) 2-page fact-sheet Immunize Kansas Coalition. Updated June 2023
• Vaccine Development, Testing, and Regulation. College of Physicians of Philadelphia, History of Vaccines. May 2022.
• Vaccine Safety: Examine the Evidence, American Academy of Pediatrics, September 2022.
• Safety of Vaccines Used for Routine Immunization in the United States: An Update. Gidengil et al. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US). 2021.

Allergies and Vaccines

• Understanding Adverse Events and Side Effects. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved June 12, 2023.
• 2023-2024 CDC Flu Vaccination Recommendations Adopted June 2023
• Do Vaccines Cause Asthma or Allergies? Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, May 2020

Autism Not Linked to Vaccines

• Evidence Shows: Vaccine Unrelated to Autism. Immunization Action Coalition, June 2023.
• Vaccine Safety: Examine the Evidence American Academy of Pediatrics, September 2022.
• Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination and Autism: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Hviid A. et al. 2019. Annals Internal Medicine 2019 Apr 16;170(8):513-520.
• Vaccines and Autism: A Summary of CDC Conducted or Sponsored Studies. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 2015

Breastfeeding, Pregnancy, and Vaccines

• Breastfeeding: Vaccinations. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., January 2023.
• Vaccine Considerations for New and Expectant Parents. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, May 2023.
• Research on Preventing Whooping Cough in Infants. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. January, 2023.
• Flu Vaccine Safety and Pregnancy. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  December 2022.
• COVID-19 Vaccines While Pregnant or Breastfeeding. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 2022.

COVID-19 Vaccines

• About COVID-19 Vaccine: FAQs American Academy of Pediatricians, 2023.
• COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Articles and Studies by Topic Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Safety of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination Among Young Children in the Vaccine Safety Datalink, Goddard K et al., Pediatrics, 2023.
• COVID-19 Vaccines While Pregnant or Breastfeeding. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. October 2022.

HPV Vaccine

• HPV Vaccine Facts American Cancer Society, August 2020.
• Safety of the 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Shimabukuru T. et al, Pediatrics, December 2019.
• Epidemiologic Evidence of HPV Vaccine Effectiveness and Safety. HPV Vaccination Roundtable, 2019.
• HPV Vaccine Is Safe. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 2016.

Ingredients in Vaccines

• Vaccine Safety: Examine the Evidence. American Academy of Pediatrics. September 2022.
• Science Summary: CDC Studies on Thimerosal in Vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Vaccine Ingredients: Aluminum. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. December 2022.
• Vaccine ingredients (main page) links to 12 vaccine ingredient topics.  Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. March 2021.
• Vaccine Fears Overturned by Facts  Immunize Kansas Coalition. 2021.
• Vaccine Ingredients: Thimerosal. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 2020.
• Common Ingredients in U.S. Licensed Vaccines. Food and Drug Administration, Vaccines, Blood & Biologics. April 2019.

Multiple Vaccines and Your Child’s Immune System

• Vaccine Science: Vaccines and the Immunization System. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. April 2020.
• The Overloaded Immune System Misconception. College of Physicians of Philadelphia. History of Vaccines. January 2018.
• Too Many Vaccines? What you Should Know. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 2018.

Vaccine Schedule (Spreading Out a Baby’s Immunizations)

• Recommended Immunization Schedule: What you Should Know. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 2021.
• Reasons to Follow CDC’s Recommended Immunization Schedule. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. February 2020.
• When Individual Doctors Make Their Own Immunization Schedules. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. 2017.